BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Koleksi Perpustakaan
This book introduces students to the basic concepts of urban studies. It is an interdisciplinary text that was developed for lower-division undergraduate students. The book is organized into thematic chapters that explore different aspects of urban life, such as the environment, housing, and culture. Each chapter introduces a new way of conceptualizing the city, presents core theories and concepts, and provides examples and case studies from cities around the globe to illustrate the ideas presented in the text. At the end of each chapter, there are review questions and a series of interactive field activities where students can apply the concepts introduced in the chapter to a real-world setting. Many of the field activities can be adapted to online or remote learning modalities. This textbook is appropriate for interdisciplinary courses with urban themes or for introductory urban studies, urban sociology, or urban geography classes.
BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Koleksi Perpustakaan
This book is about how to read, use, and create maps. Our exploration of maps will be informed by a contextual understanding of how maps reflect the relationship between society and technology, and how mapping is an essential form of scientific and artistic inquiry. We will also explore how mapping is used to address a variety of societal issues, such as land use planning and political gerrymandering. You will gain insight into the technical underpinnings of mapping as a science approach, complement on-going interest and activities, or provide an applied focus for research or policy.
BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Koleksi Perpustakaan
Geography is a diverse discipline that has some sort of connection to most every other academic discipline. This connection is the spatial perspective, which essentially means if a phenomenon can be mapped, it has some kind of relationship to geography. Studying the entire world is a fascinating subject, and geographical knowledge is fundamental to a competent understanding of our world. In this chapter, you will learn what geography is as well as some of the fundamental concepts that underpin the discipline. These fundamental terms and concepts will be interwoven throughout the text, so a sound understanding of these topics is critical as you delve deeper into the chapters that follow.
BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Koleksi Perpustakaan
El Distrito Capital, como entidad territorial localizada en el centro de la Sábana de Bogota, tiene la responsabilidad política y administrativa de liderar la sostenibilidad ambiental y articularse con la Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca (CAR) con miras a preservar la estructura ecológica del territorio y propiciar usos sostenibles del suelo (urbano y rural). Para ello existe un conjunto de herramientas e instrumentos administrativos contemplados en el Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT) del Distrito Capital que todos los ciudadanos deberían conocer y usar para proteger los ecosistemas de la sabana de Bogota y los derechos humanos asociados con la sostenibilidad ambiental. El objetivo de esta publicación es contribuir a la divulgación de dichas herramientas, mediante conceptualización y síntesis de la información jurídica relevante sobre la materia. Para lograr este propósito, este libro está estructurado en dos partes, la primera plantea una contextualización teórica e historia sobre el ordenamiento territorial en Bogotá y la segunda parte presenta los principales conceptos de la estructura ecológica principal siguiendo el articulado del POT de Bogotá - Decreto Distrital 555 de 2021.
BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Koleksi Perpustakaan
This book is designed as a foundational entry point to International Relations theory – structured to condense the most important information into the smallest space and present that information in an accessible manner. The first half of the book covers the theories that are most commonly taught in undergraduate programmes. The book then expands to present emerging approaches and offer wider perspectives. Each chapter sets out the basics of a theory whilst also applying it to a real-world event or issue, creating a lively, readable and relevant guide that will help students to see not only what theories are – but why they matter.
BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Koleksi Perpustakaan
This book is designed to be a ‘Day 0' introduction to International Relations. As a beginner's guide, it has been structured to condense the most important information into the smallest space and present that information in the most accessible way. The chapters offer a broad sweep of the basic components of International Relations and the key contemporary issues that concern the discipline. The narrative arc forms a complete circle, taking readers from no knowledge to competency. The journey starts by examining how the international system was formed and ends by reflecting that International Relations is always adapting to events and is therefore a never-ending journey of discovery. Unlike typical textbooks, there are no boxes, charts, pictures or exercises. The philosophy underpinning this book is that these things can be a distraction. This book, like others in the E-IR Foundations series, is designed to capture attention with an engaging narrative. The chapters are short, with simple paragraphs and clear sentences placing the reader inside crucial issues and debates so they can understand how things work, and where they fit in the world around them.
BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Koleksi Perpustakaan
Welcome to Human Geography! If you are interested in how humans interact with the environment and how human systems are geographically distributed over space, then you’ve found your place. We hope that find this textbook useful and enjoyable; please dive in by clicking “Contents” to immerse yourself in all-things-human geography.
BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Koleksi Perpustakaan
Fundamentals of Human Geography is a college-level digital textbook aimed at introducing undergraduate students to the field of human and cultural geography. This digital textbook was initially conceived as an interactive supplemental guide for an open-source textbook on Human Geography (Introduction to Human Geography ). However, as more materials were added to this digital textbook, it slowly evolved into a standalone textbook on Human Geography which can be used by itself or as a supplemental guide. Be sure to explore all of the interactive content in each chapter and read the captions carefully, as a number of critical concepts are introduced in the interactive content. Be sure to also review the FAQ section for answers to commonly asked questions about technical aspects of this textbook.
BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Koleksi Perpustakaan
La mancha marrón del arroz es causada por el hongo Bipolaris oryzae y afecta a todos los productores de arroz (Oryza sativa L.). El objetivo general del presente trabajo de investigación fue evaluar diferentes dosis de silicio para el control de la mancha marrón en el cultivo de arroz y sus efectos en diferentes variables agronómicas. La presente investigación se llevó a cabo en el campus “La María”, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, ubicada en el Km 7.5 Vía Quevedo – El Empalme. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con 7 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones. Todos los tratamientos recibieron la misma dosis de NPK (93 – 17 – 108 kg ha-1). El silicio utilizado en la investigación fue SIO-DEM+ (85% SiO2). Los tratamientos aplicados fueron un control (uso de fungicida), y 5 dosis de silicio (188, 282, 376, 470 y 564 kg ha-1). La dosis de 564 kg silicio ha-1 fue superior para altura y peso de 1,000 granos. La dosis de 282 kg silicio ha-1 es recomendada debido a su control de la enfermedad similar al resto de tratamientos y tener al tener una rentabilidad de 5% superior en comparación con el control.
BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Koleksi Perpustakaan
Digital Cartography covers foundational cartographic principles that are needed to make effective maps. lt explores such concepts as data, lettering, along with multivariate and uncertainty visualization. By the end of this book, a reader will be able to: (1) Describe how cartographic concepts such generalization, scale and projection will affect mapping products; (2) Identify the medium, purpose, and spatial data requirements to create a map that is appropriate to a specific audience; (3) Evaluate maps produced by peers and various organizations; and (4) Construct maps that effectively use color, font, and other design elements using ArcGIS Pro.
BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Koleksi Perpustakaan
En la presente investigación se elabora un procedimiento general y sus específicos cuyo objetivo es contribuir a mejorar el desempeño de la gestión integral de la cadena de suministro de los residuos sólidos urbanos en cantones del Ecuador. El procedimiento propuesto resuelve las insuficiencias de las herramientas precedentes analizadas en la construcción del marco teórico referencial, al incluir un modelo multicriterio y tener un enfoque sistémico de mejoramiento continuo basado en procesos. La investigación comienza con la caracterización de la cadena objeto de estudio y la identificación de los indicadores al incluir en el diagnóstico desde una perspectiva de sostenibilidad. Al mismo tiempo, se propone un indicador de desempeño integral para evaluar la cadena de suministro, junto con las escalas pertinentes para cada uno de estos indicadores y el desempeño de la cadena de suministro de los residuos sólidos urbanos. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron el diagnóstico del nivel de desempeño en que se encuentra la gestión de residuos sólidos urbanos, y en consecuencia proyectar, mediante un modelo matemático multicriterio, las políticas para el mejoramiento gradual de dicha gestión. En el caso de la cadena de suministro de los residuos sólidos urbanos del Cantón Quevedo de Ecuador permitió la identificación de oportunidades de mejoras basadas en los problemas detectados. Además, se comprobó la hipótesis general de investigación planteada al evidenciar una mejora en el índice de desempeño de la cadena objeto de estudio después de aplicar un conjunto de mejoras.
BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Koleksi Perpustakaan
El incremento de los residuos sólidos plantea desafíos ambientales y económicos, la cadena de valor se enfoca en optimizar su gestión para promover la sostenibilidad desde la generación hasta la disposición final. Esta investigación se desarrolló en la parroquia Velasco Ibarra con el objetivo de evaluar la cadena de valor de los residuos sólidos urbanos en el cantón El Empalme. Para ello se realizaron encuestas con escala de Likert a 368 hogares, 334 empresas y 5 centros de reciclaje, utilizando muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Además, se entrevistó al funcionario municipal responsable del manejo de residuos. En el programa SPSS se analizó la confiabilidad de las encuestas con el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, obteniendo valores de (0,929) para los hogares, (0,949) empresas y (0,908) recicladoras. También se efectuó un análisis de normalidad utilizando la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y correlaciones con el coeficiente Rho de Spearman. Se elaboró una matriz FODA para los factores que afectan la gestión de residuos y se diseñó una cadena de valor para mejorar su manejo de manera eficaz. Los resultados revelaron correlaciones significativas entre la frecuencia de recolección de residuos y la satisfacción de la población (0,718), entre el cumplimiento legal de residuos peligrosos y el monitoreo regular en empresas (0,504). Existe una débil correlación (0,395) entre las preferencias de las recicladoras y la eficiencia de las operaciones. Se destacaron fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas en la gestión de residuos, que requieren atención inmediata. La cadena de valor diseñada proporciona actividades para mejorar la problemática. En conclusión, la gestión de residuos sólidos es ineficiente por la descoordinación entre los actores involucrados.
BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Koleksi Perpustakaan
This first year Geography textbook takes a holistic approach to Geography by incorporating elements of physical, human and regional geography, as well as bringing in methods and perspectives from spatial information science.. This textbook applies a fundamental geographical approach to understanding our globally changing world by looking at local processes which are linked to larger global processes and events. The textbook includes numerous case studies specific to British Columbia as well as a number of suggested service learning activities. Over the course of four days in June, 2014, 5 faculty members from across British Columbia supported by a facilitator, librarian, researcher, illustrator, programmer and instructional designer, created this book. This involved drawing on our own research, teaching and experience and working with the team to put it all together into an online format; one which would be accessible to students and educators alike. Beyond the unique way in which this book was created in a Book Sprint process, there are other elements of this book that make it unique. First, it takes a holistic approach to first year Geography, incorporating elements of Physical, Human, and Regional Geography, as well as bringing in methods and perspectives from Spatial Information Science. Pedagogically, this book incorporates elements of service learning and suggested service learning activities recognizing that the study of Geography is deeply connected to the communities we live in. Many of the suggestions for service learning are illustrated through the use of case studies from across BC. The book is aimed at a a first year or introductory Geography student, and would be suitable for a first year Geography course on BC.
BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Koleksi Perpustakaan
This book offers an accessible and critical look at the historical geography of North America. Placing an emphasis on the continent's various human geographies, the book discusses how they developed and interacted across North America’s various physiographic regions. Highlighting spatial entanglements of culture, ethnicity, and religion, the book addresses the development of technology within the context of the historical extraction and consumption of the continent’s natural resources. Engaging a time span that reaches back to the Pre-Columbian Era, and up to the early decades of the twenty-first century, the book provides a broad survey of North America's historical geography.
BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Koleksi Perpustakaan
This reader is an Open Educational Resource, meant to accompany a graduate or higher-level undergraduate university course in climate change resilience, adaptation, and/or planning. While the material is geared toward students in urban and regional planning, it may also be of interest to students of urban studies, public health, geography, political science, sociology, risk management, and others. Each section of this volume includes (1) an introductory summary, (2) a reading list with full text articles, (3) student exercises meant to enhance understanding and facilitate in-class discussion, and (4) additional discussion prompts or activities for instructors to use in class. The format of materials is intended to convey key concepts, while leaving ample space for student exploration, discourse, and creativity. Lessons may culminate in an applied, imaginative final project, a sample framework of which is provided at the end of Section VI.
BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Koleksi Perpustakaan
This text has evolved from 20 semesters teaching the undergraduate courses Geography, People, and the Environment and Environment and Society. It is designed for freshmen through junior-level courses at community, junior and four-year colleges and universities in the United States. Focused upon the dilemma of environmental sustainability, geography and the emergent field of ecological economics are emphasized in a trans-disciplinary framework. It provides—in a one semester or one quarter undergraduate course that requires no prerequisites—a fundamental background in the essentials students need to deal with natural resource and environmental issues as an informed citizen while building a foundation for further study.
